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At a time when environmental awareness and health are at the heart of everything we do, the importance of air quality in our homes has increased. The air we breathe not only affects our well-being, but can also have serious effects on our health.
Many people assume, that indoor air quality is cleaner than outdoor air. Unfortunately, this can be far from reality. Indeed, interiors can be contaminated with a wide variety of pollutants that come from different sources: furniture, paints, heating and even ourselves.
1. Pollutant and air quality
How do pollutants affect air quality?
There are numerous sources of indoor contaminants, from furniture polishes and paints to cleaning agents and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These pollutants can deteriorate indoor air and pose health risks. In addition, there are external factors such as pollen, which can enter the premises through windows and ventilation systems.
How do you measure indoor air quality?
Measuring air quality requires special equipment. Here are some of the main components analysed by air quality monitors:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) (Sensar): High concentrations of CO2 can indicate inadequate ventilation.
- Particulate matter ( Sahara): This includes tiny particles that can enter the lungs.
- Volatile organic compounds: These chemicals can be released by many household products.
- Humidity (Hoth): Humidity that is too high or too low can cause health problems and promote the growth of mold.
There are many smart meters and apps that provide real-time data on air quality and can even be connected to other smart home devices. These devices are often easy to use: simply place them in the room and monitor the results via an app or display.
Tips to improve indoor air quality:
- Regular ventilation: Regularly opening the windows allows fresh outside air to enter the interior and remove pollutants.
- Plants: Certain houseplants can help purify the air of pollutants.
- Use of air purifiers: These devices can filter particles, allergens, and pollutants from the air.
Indoor air quality should never be taken for granted. By regularly monitoring and taking appropriate measures, we can ensure that our indoor spaces remain clean and healthy.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide, often abbreviated as CO2, is a colourless and odourless gas that occurs naturally in our atmosphere. It is an indispensable part of the life cycle on Earth, as it is released by respiration, decomposition of organic matter and combustion processes. Plants need it for photosynthesis. However, despite its natural presence and functions, excessive levels of CO2 indoors can lead to various health and environmental challenges.
Why is CO2 a problem indoors?
While CO2 is found in relatively small amounts in outdoor air, its concentration can increase significantly indoors, especially in poorly ventilated areas. This can happen when people breathe, cook, heat, or engage in other activities that produce CO2 in a room. Increased CO2 levels can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, headaches and difficulty concentrating.
How do you measure indoor CO2 levels?
Specialized CO2 measuring devices are available to monitor indoor CO2 concentrations. These devices typically use infrared-based sensors that measure the amount of reflected light to determine the level of CO2 in the air. Modern devices often offer digital displays and can be connected to smart home systems to provide real-time data and notifications.
What CO2 levels are considered safe?
Indoor concentrations of CO2 vary depending on the activity and ventilation of the room. Typical levels in outdoor air are around 400 parts per million (ppm). Indoors, a level below 1,000 ppm is considered acceptable for comfort and health. Concentrations above 2,000 ppm can cause health problems and should be avoided.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)
Nitrogen dioxide, abbreviated as NO₂, is one of the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and is a major environmental problem. This gas is mainly released by combustion processes in vehicles, heating systems and industrial plants. Indoors, however, it can be caused by gas-powered appliances, open flames, and even cigarette smoke. Measuring indoor air quality, and especially monitoring NO2, is crucial to avoid potential health risks.
Why is NO₂ problematic?
Indoor contamination with nitrogen dioxide can have serious health effects. Inhalation of NO₂ can irritate the respiratory tract and can lead to chronic respiratory diseases with prolonged exposure. For people with asthma or other respiratory conditions, exposure to NO₂ can even be life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor indoor air quality and take appropriate measures to minimize exposure to this and other pollutants.
How to measure NO₂ indoors?
There are specialized pollutant measuring devices that are able to accurately detect the presence and concentration of NO₂ in the air. Many of these devices can also measure other pollutants in the air, providing a comprehensive picture of the air quality in a room. Regular measurement of air quality is essential, especially in densely populated urban areas or in areas with potential sources of NO₂.
Tips for reducing NO₂ indoors:
- Ventilation: Ensure regular ventilation of rooms, especially after cooking or when gas-powered appliances are in use.
- Check gas appliances: Make sure all gas-powered appliances are installed and maintained correctly to minimize emissions.
- Avoid tobacco smoke: Do not smoke indoors, as cigarette smoke can be a significant source of NO₂.
By being aware of the dangers of nitrogen dioxide and using a reliable air quality meter, one can significantly reduce the risk of indoor exposure. At a time when we are spending more time in our own homes, air quality should not be neglected.
Particulate matter (PM₁ – PM₂,₅ – PM₁₀)
The modern world offers many benefits, but it also brings new challenges to our health. One of these challenges is particulate matter. These tiny particles, which are often not visible to the naked eye, can cause serious health problems and significantly affect indoor and outdoor air quality.
What is particulate matter?
Particulate matter refers to particles suspended in the air that have a diameter of less than 10 micrometers (PM₁₀). The smaller these particles are, the deeper they can penetrate into the lungs. PM₂,₅ refers to particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers, and PM₁ refers to particles with a diameter of less than 1 micrometer.
Where does particulate matter come from?
The sources of particulate matter are manifold. In large cities, traffic is often the main culprit. Exhaust fumes, tyre abrasion and brake dust release large quantities of fine dust particles. But even within your own four walls, activities such as cooking or lighting candles can generate fine dust. Other causes include industrial exhaust fumes, agriculture, natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, and even abrasion from road surfaces.
How does particulate matter affect our health?
Once inhaled, these tiny particles can penetrate deep into our lungs and from there enter the bloodstream. Health risks include respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and in some cases, they can even increase the risk of stroke. The elderly, children and people with pre-existing conditions are particularly at risk.
Measuring the concentration of particulate matter
In order to monitor indoor air quality and take appropriate protective measures, it is important to regularly measure the concentration of particulate matter. Air quality meters (Sahara) that can detect particulate matter use various measurement methods to accurately determine the amount and size of particles in the air. Most of these devices provide accurate results in a short time, which can then be used to evaluate and improve indoor air.
Tips to reduce particulate matter pollution:
- Ventilate regularly, especially after activities that generate particulate matter.
- Use air purifiers that are specifically designed to remove fine dust particles.
- Avoid smoking indoors.
- Prefer natural detergents to minimize the release of chemical pollutants.
In summary, particulate matter is an invisible threat that can have serious health consequences. But by measuring properly and taking precautions, we can protect ourselves and our families and improve air quality.
How do pollutants affect air quality?
There are numerous sources of indoor contaminants, from furniture polishes and paints to cleaning agents and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These pollutants can deteriorate indoor air and pose health risks. In addition, there are external factors such as pollen, which can enter the premises through windows and ventilation systems.
2. Metrics
Which metrics are the most important?
Indoor air quality monitoring has become increasingly important in recent years, as people spend a significant part of their lives indoors. To effectively monitor indoor air quality and ensure it is healthy and safe, there are several key components to look out for. Here are the key metrics to consider:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2): An increase in CO2 levels can be an indicator of inadequate ventilation. High concentrations of CO2 can lead to fatigue, headaches and difficulty concentrating.
- Particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10): These tiny particles can come from a variety of sources, including traffic, construction, and household activities. They can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause health problems.
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): Commonly found in urban areas, mainly due to transport emissions. It can exacerbate respiratory diseases and impair lung function.
- Formaldehyde (HCHO): A gas commonly released from furniture, building materials, and some household products. It can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, as well as other health problems.
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): These include a variety of chemicals that can be released from products such as paints, varnishes, cleaning products, and cosmetics. They can cause headaches, nausea, and even more long-term health problems.
- Humidity: Humidity that is too high or too low can cause health problems and also promote mold growth.
- Temperature: An appropriate temperature is important for comfort and overall well-being.
- Carbon monoxide (CO): A colourless and odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion. It is toxic and can be fatal with sufficient exposure.
- Ozone (O3): Indoors, it can be produced by some electronic devices or in response to other pollutants. High ozone levels can cause breathing problems and damage the lungs.
- Radon: A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can seep into buildings from the ground. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking.
The choice of values to be measured depends on the specific conditions and requirements of the interior. It is advisable to consult with a qualified professional or use a comprehensive air quality meter to ensure that all relevant pollutants are monitored.
3. The Best Smart Air Quality Meters
In today’s world, when health and well-being in our own homes are becoming more and more important, measuring air quality is becoming more and more relevant. Smart air quality meters are particularly popular because they combine ease of use with technology to provide a high level of accuracy and convenience. But what features and functions distinguish the best smart meters?
1. Versatile Pollutant Detection:
The best devices can detect a wide range of pollutants in the air. These include common pollutants such as CO₂ (Sensar), VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and particulate matter (Sahara), but also more specific gases such as nitrogen dioxide or formaldehyde.
2. Real-time monitoring:
A high-quality air quality meter should be able to provide continuous, real-time data. This allows users to make quick decisions about ventilation measures or other actions.
3. Easy-to-use app integration:
Most smart meters are connected to an app that is accessible on smartphones or tablets. These apps should be intuitive and provide detailed data, trends, and, where appropriate, tips on how to improve air quality.
4. Notification system:
In the event of a serious level of pollution, the device should be able to issue warnings via the app or directly on the device.
5. Compatibility with other smart home devices:
The best smart air quality meters should be able to communicate with other smart home devices, such as ventilation systems or air purifiers. For example, if high pollutant levels are detected, an air purifier can be switched on automatically.
6. Easy Installation and Operation:
The device should be easy to install and not require complicated setup. An intuitive design and a clear user interface are essential.
7. Long battery life and sustainable energy options:
For flexibility and eco-friendliness, the meter should have a long battery life or even offer options for renewable energy sources such as solar.
Conclusion: There are a variety of offers on the market when it comes to smart air quality meters. When choosing, one should be guided by the above-mentioned features. By integrating such advanced technology into everyday life, one can not only ensure a healthier indoor environment, but also raise awareness of the importance of clean air. Knowing about the air quality in your own rooms is the first step towards a healthier life.
Sensar, CO2 Meter
The innovative device monitors indoor air quality by continuously measuring the CO2 levels in your room.
A green light indicates optimal conditions, while an orange or red light indicates that you should open a window or door to let in fresh air.
Humidity:
The air quality in our indoor spaces plays a crucial role in our health and well-being. While many people measure the concentration of pollutants in the air, another important factor is often overlooked humidity.
Absolute humidity, often referred to simply by the symbol φ, indicates the mass of water vapor per unit volume of air. In contrast to relative humidity, which is the ratio of the current water vapor content to the maximum possible water vapor content at a given temperature, absolute humidity is independent of temperature and is measured in grams per cubic meter (g/m³).
Why is humidity important?
- Health: Our airways need a certain amount of moisture to function optimally. If the air is too dry, our mucous membranes cannot moisturize sufficiently, which can lead to irritation. In turn, if the humidity is too high, mold and mites can multiply better, which can trigger allergies and other health problems.
- Well-being: Adequate humidity ensures a more pleasant indoor climate. Dry air can lead to dry eyes, dry skin, and a feeling of discomfort.
- Building and furniture protection: Excessive humidity can lead to condensation and thus mold growth. In addition, it can cause the swelling of wooden furniture. Humidity that is too low, on the other hand, can make wood and other materials brittle.
- Energy efficiency: Proper humidity regulation can lead to energy savings. For example, with higher humidity, you can also feel comfortable at lower temperatures.
How do you measure humidity?
There are special measuring devices that can measure humidity (Hoth). Many modern air quality monitors integrate this feature as they provide a comprehensive picture of air conditions.
Tips for regulating absolute humidity:
- Ventilate regularly to bring fresh air into the house and regulate humidity.
- Consider purchasing a humidifier or dehumidifier, depending on your needs.
- Plants can help increase indoor humidity.
Conclusion: Absolute humidity is an important aspect of indoor air quality. Understanding their role and regular monitoring can help create a healthier and more comfortable indoor climate. It is always advisable to invest in a good measuring device in order to always be informed about the current conditions and to be able to act accordingly.
